Skilling, higher-ed & research capacity — part of the eleven-domain research map on this site. This page will expand as new essays publish.
Formal vocational training enrollment remains a small share of the workforce entering manufacturing and services jobs each year, with most skill acquisition happening informally, on the job.[1] That informality makes it hard to scale quality consistently.
India produces a very large number of engineering graduates annually, but research output and PhD production per capita remain well below what a country aiming for technology leadership — rather than technology adoption — would need.